3.2 Properties of Relations

• No Duplicate Tuples – A relation cannot contain two or more tuples which have the same values for all the attributes. i.e., In any relation, every row is unique.
• Tuples are unordered – The order of rows in a relation is immaterial.
• Attributes are unordered – The order of columns in a relation is immaterial.
• Attribute Values are Atomic – Each tuple contains exactly one value for each attribute.

It may be noted that many of the properties of relations follow the fact that the body of a relation is a mathematical set.